Pilot · Foot and ankle is live; other subspecialties follow. Summaries are being reviewed and may change.Tell us what you think
Pilot Searched 7 Nov 2026 589 papers tracked Literature checked weekly
Foot and ankleShoulderComing soonElbowComing soonHand and wristComing soonHipComing soonKneeComing soonSpineComing soonPaediatric orthopaedicsComing soon

Open reduction and internal fixation

Plate and screw fixation of the malleoli, including the posterior malleolus when indicated.

Under review
A summary for this option is being prepared. The papers below are already tracked.

Tracked papers (42)

PaperYearDesign
The effect of postoperative weightbearing protocols on total cost and complications following ankle fracture ORIF: A systematic review.
Yates Z · J Foot Ankle Surg · 2026 · Systematic review / meta-analysis
2026Systematic review / meta-analysisLevel I-II
Analgesic effect of premixed nitrous oxide in postoperative rehabilitation for ankle fractures: a randomized controlled trial.
Qiu X · Ann Med · 2026 · Randomised controlled trial
2026Randomised controlled trialLevel I
Effect of Ultrasound-Guided Sciatic and Saphenous Nerve Blocks on Analgesia During General Anaesthesia for Ankle Fracture Surgery: A Randomised Controlled Trial.
John HJ · Medicina (Kaunas) · 2026 · Randomised controlled trial
2026Randomised controlled trialLevel I
Outcome of ankle fractures in children: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.
Badhe N · Ann R Coll Surg Engl · 2026 · Systematic review / meta-analysis
2026Systematic review / meta-analysisLevel I-II
Vitamin C for the prevention of complex regional pain syndrome after foot and ankle fractures or surgery: a systematic review.
Carmona-Zamora MT · Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci · 2026 · Systematic review / meta-analysis
2026Systematic review / meta-analysisLevel I-II
Syndesmotic Screw Fixation Versus Suture Button Versus Tibiotalocalcaneal Nail Treatment in Syndesmotic Ankle Fractures: A Meta-Analysis.
Cho T · Foot Ankle Spec · 2026 · Systematic review / meta-analysis
2026Systematic review / meta-analysisLevel I-II
Machine learning and deep learning for ankle fracture detection in radiographs: A systematic review with narrative synthesis on diagnostic performance and future clinical integration.
Mangwani J · Foot (Edinb) · 2026 · Systematic review / meta-analysis
2026Systematic review / meta-analysisLevel I-II
Closed reduction and percutaneous fixation versus open reduction and internal fixation for displaced medial malleolar fractures: a randomized controlled trial.
Elkohail A · Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg · 2026 · Randomised controlled trial
2026Randomised controlled trialLevel I
Deltoid Ligament Repair Does Not Improve Radiographic or Clinical Outcomes in Weber Type C Pronation-External Rotation Ankle Fractures: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Choi JY · J Orthop Trauma · 2026 · Randomised controlled trial
2026Randomised controlled trialLevel I
[Operative treatment of ankle fractures-what about biomechanics? : From angle stability to nail fixation].
Förch S · Unfallchirurgie (Heidelb) · 2026 · Systematic review / meta-analysis
2026Systematic review / meta-analysisLevel I-II
Temporising external fixation reduces loss of reduction compared with plaster splinting in ankle fracture-dislocations: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.
Suravaram V · Arch Orthop Trauma Surg · 2026 · Systematic review / meta-analysis
2026Systematic review / meta-analysisLevel I-II
Efficacy of perifracture site injections for pain control following distal radius and ankle fracture surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Yoon BH · J Orthop Surg Res · 2026 · Systematic review / meta-analysis
2026Systematic review / meta-analysisLevel I-II
The diagnostic accuracy of artificial intelligence in detecting foot and ankle fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy.
Prasetiyo GT · J Orthop Surg Res · 2026 · Systematic review / meta-analysis
2026Systematic review / meta-analysisLevel I-II
Is Kinesio taping beneficial in the short term after Weber Type B lateral malleolar fractures? A randomized controlled trial.
Gültekin O · Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc · 2026 · Randomised controlled trial
2026Randomised controlled trialLevel I
Reliability and clinical utility of paediatric ankle fracture classifications : a systematic review.
Teo LS · Bone Jt Open · 2026 · Systematic review / meta-analysis
2026Systematic review / meta-analysisLevel I-II
Wound complications after cast immobilization compared to early functional treatment in surgical fixation of ankle fractures: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Spaans AW · Injury · 2026 · Systematic review / meta-analysis
2026Systematic review / meta-analysisLevel I-II
Early weight-bearing following surgical fixation of ankle fractures without trans-syndesmotic fixation: safety and early functional outcomes - a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Nikos D · BMC Musculoskelet Disord · 2026 · Systematic review / meta-analysis
2026Systematic review / meta-analysisLevel I-II
The Minimal Clinically Important Difference of the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Ankle Hindfoot Scale in Patients with Unstable Ankle Fracture.
Tausendfreund J · Clin Orthop Surg · 2026 · Randomised controlled trial
2026Randomised controlled trialLevel I
Telerehabilitation for Patients After ORIF for Ankle Fracture: A Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial.
Wu T · Arch Phys Med Rehabil · 2026 · Randomised controlled trial
2026Randomised controlled trialLevel I
Diagnostic performance of X-ray-based deep learning models for detecting ankle and foot fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Pahlevan-Fallahy MT · Skeletal Radiol · 2026 · Systematic review / meta-analysis
2026Systematic review / meta-analysisLevel I-II
Arthroscopic assisted fixation of posterior malleolus fractures: Technical pearls and clinical outcomes.
MacFarlane EM · Foot Ankle Surg · 2026 · Systematic review / meta-analysis
2026Systematic review / meta-analysisLevel I-II
Third-generation cryotherapy reduces time to surgery and local complications in patients with ankle fractures: a prospective randomised controlled trial.
Lanzetti RM · J Orthop Surg Res · 2026 · Randomised controlled trial
2026Randomised controlled trialLevel I
A systematic review on how to treat deltoid ligament injuries - are we missing a uniform standard?
Abdelatif NMN · BMC Musculoskelet Disord · 2026 · Systematic review / meta-analysis
2026Systematic review / meta-analysisLevel I-II
The minimally invasive approach for lateral malleolus fractures plating demonstrating less pain, shorter operative time and earlier discharge compared to open approach: a prospective randomized controlled trial.
Kurt E · J Orthop Surg Res · 2026 · Randomised controlled trial
2026Randomised controlled trialLevel I
Deltoid ligament augmentation replacing syndesmotic fixation for the treatment of ankle fractures: a prospective randomized controlled study.
Li T · Injury · 2026 · Randomised controlled trial
2026Randomised controlled trialLevel I
Cast immobilisation versus surgery for unstable lateral malleolus fractures (SUPER-FIN): randomised non-inferiority clinical trial.
Kortekangas T · BMJ · 2026 · Comparative study
2026Comparative studyLevel II-III
Tibiofibular stabilization in patients with ankle and posterior malleolus fractures: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Kucher IV · Wiad Lek · 2026 · Systematic review / meta-analysis
2026Systematic review / meta-analysisLevel I-II
Comparison of two-stage open reduction and internal fixation and single-stage external fixation for complex pilon fractures: a randomized controlled trial.
Eissa MO · Int Orthop · 2026 · Randomised controlled trial
2026Randomised controlled trialLevel I
Risk factors for surgical site infections in patients with pilon fractures: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Li PZ · J Foot Ankle Surg · 2026 · Systematic review / meta-analysis
2026Systematic review / meta-analysisLevel I-II
Outpatient versus inpatient surgery for ankle fractures: A randomized controlled non-inferiority trial.
Rasmussen C · Foot Ankle Surg · 2026 · Randomised controlled trial
2026Randomised controlled trialLevel I
Does fixation of medium sized posterior malleolus fragment in ankle fractures yield superior outcomes than no-fixation? A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Sain B · Foot (Edinb) · 2026 · Systematic review / meta-analysisKey paper
2026Systematic review / meta-analysisLevel I-II
Suture button versus syndesmotic screw fixation in acute ankle fractures with syndesmotic injury: An umbrella review of functional outcomes and clinical relevance based on the minimal clinically important difference.
Nieuwenkamp CL · Injury · 2026 · Systematic review / meta-analysisKey paper
2026Systematic review / meta-analysisLevel I-II
Early vs Late Weight Bearing After Ankle Fracture Fixation: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Egu C · Foot Ankle Int · 2026 · Systematic review / meta-analysisKey paper
2026Systematic review / meta-analysisLevel I-II
Formal joint preparation appears to not be necessary for surgical treatment of ankle fractures with tibiotalocalcaneal nailing: a systematic review.
LaMontagne M · Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol · 2026 · Systematic review / meta-analysis
2026Systematic review / meta-analysisLevel I-II
Likelihood of secondary surgery due to osteoarthritis following ankle fracture fixation: a systematic review.
Beni R · J Orthop Surg Res · 2026 · Systematic review / meta-analysis
2026Systematic review / meta-analysisLevel I-II
Utilizing the Laser Aiming of Image Intensifier Reduces the Exposed Radiation During Operation: A Prospective Analysis.
Gurbuz S · Acta Orthop Belg · 2025 · Randomised controlled trial
2025Randomised controlled trialLevel I
Development and validity evidence of an open-access 3D model for teaching ankle fractures mechanisms to medical students: A randomized controlled study.
Chatelain LS · Orthop Traumatol Surg Res · 2025 · Randomised controlled trial
2025Randomised controlled trialLevel I
Comparison of gait parameters between post-surgery ankle fracture patients and healthy individuals: a systematic review and meta-review.
Long Q · Biomed Eng Online · 2025 · Systematic review / meta-analysis
2025Systematic review / meta-analysisLevel I-II
The role of deltoid ligament repair in Weber B and C ankle fractures: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical, functional and radiographic results.
D'Andrea G · J Foot Ankle Surg · 2025 · Systematic review / meta-analysis
2025Systematic review / meta-analysisLevel I-II
The influence of preoperative methylprednisolone bolus on edema in lower leg fractures: A prospective randomized controlled trial.
Fassot G · Orthop Traumatol Surg Res · 2025 · Randomised controlled trial
2025Randomised controlled trialLevel I